Feeding strategies for improving ruminant productivity in the post-COVID 19 pandemic era particularly for small holders

COVID-19 has highlighted the need for robust cattle supply chains using local feed resources. Higher Income Over Food Costs (IOFC) are usually achieved when live weight gains high and cost of ingredients low. There is a to formulate rations with metabolisable energy (ME) crude protein (CP) achieve gain. Rations can be formulated locally by farmer co-operatives, entrepreneurs commercial enterprises take advantage cheaper prices ingredients. To do this, altered quickly fluctuations in availability A recent ACIAR funded project developed least ration (ACIAR LCR) system meet minimum ME CP contents beef available The use cassava its various products combination sources, such as tree legumes by-products, have markedly improved IOFC.